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Objective To investigate the value of MR apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC) in differential diagnosis of lymphoma and metastasis in cervical lymph nodes.Methods Totally 69 patients with lymphoma (lymphoma group) and 66 patients with cervical lymph nodes metastasis (metastasis group) underwent MR examination.ADC values of lymph nodes and the right masseter muscle were measured,and rADC values were calculated.The consistency between two observers was evaluated.The differences of ADC value and rADC value were compared between the two groups.The efficacy of ADC value and rADC value in differential diagnosis of lymphoma and metastasis in cervical lymph nodes was analyzed with ROC curve.Results The consistency between two observers was excellent (all ICC＞0.9).Both ADC and rADC values of lymphoma group were significantly lower than those of metastasis group (all P＜0.05).Taken ADC and rADC values as 0.702 × 10-3 mm2/s and 0.584,the sensitivity and specificity was 98.48 ％ and 89.39 ％,76.81 ％ and 84.06 ％,respectively.Conclusion ADC and rADC values are useful in discriminating lymphoma from metastatic lymph nodes.
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In recent years many reports on the progress of mammary tumors treated by traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) have appeared in the literature.In this article, progress of clinical and experimental study between human and canine mammary tumors was compared.Ways and methods of how TCM treat mammary tumors were exhibited such as Chinese medicinal formulae, herbal extracts and active ingredients.Meanwhile, mechanisms of TCM treating mammary tumors were pointed out.The purpose of this article is to provide idea about TCM clinical therapy methods for canine mammary tumors, and to provide research foundation and important models for study of human mammary tumors.
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This article was aimed to study the preparation process of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-tanshinone IIA (TSN)-salvianolic acid B (SalB) compound liposomes with 3-succinic-30-stearyl glycyrrhetinic acid (18-GA-Suc) which is one of amphiphilicglycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as targeting molecule. The structure of the targeting molecule was validated by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR methods. The feed ratio of 18-GA-Suc was optimized through single factor test and the incorporation ratio of 18-GA-Suc was determined by low-speed centrifugation. Meanwhile, physicochemi-cal properties between Suc-GTS-Lip and GTS-Lip were compared. In vitro release studies of three components in Suc-GTS-Lip were conducted by equilibrium dialysis method. The results showed that the optimum conditions were when the feed ratio of 18-GA-Suc was 10%lipid liposomal membrane (mol·mol-1). It revealed that the incorpora-tion ratio of 18-GA-Suc was 96.58%, and the encapsulation efficiencies of GA, TSN, and SalB were about 86.15%, 81.70%, and 91.05%, respectively. In addition, the Suc-GTS-Lip was spherical and uniformly dispersed with parti-cle size of 128.7 nm and zeta potential of-15.5 mV. The release model of GA and TSN was fitted well with Higuchi equation, while SalB was fitted well with Hixon-crowell equation. It was concluded that Glycyrrhetinic acid deriva-tives (18-GA-Suc) can be successfully expressed in the liposome membrane, and the optimal preparation method of Suc-GTS-Lip was stable. All three components encapsulated into liposomes had sustained-release effects, which laid a good foundation for its further study about liver-targeting.
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objective To retrospectively evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)and CT in preoperative tumor,and nodal metastasis(TN)staging of esophageal carcinoma.Methods TN stages of 87 cases diagnosed with preoperative EUS and CT were compared with postoperative pathological results.No patient underwent radiotherapy or chemotheraphy.The radial echoendoscope was used,and balloon dilation was required in 5 cases with stricture.Results The total accuracy of T staging with EUS was 85.1%.CT could not differentiate Tl from T2.The sensitivity of EUS for N staging was 85.0%,higher than that of CT(60.8%).However,some lymph nodes which were not detected by EUS could be revealed by CT.Accuracy of EUS plus CT in T staging is 85.1%.and that in N staging is 90.8%.Conclusion EUS is the most accurate measure in assessing the depth of tumor invasion,whereas the combination of EUS and CT is capable of an overall evaluation for TNM staging.